Jute Industry Q. Why is this in news? West Bengal is experiencing a crisis that has led to the closure of several Jute Mills. Q. What is the Issue? High Rate of Procurement by Mills: Mills are procuring raw jute at prices higher than what they are selling them at after processing. Mills do not acquire their raw material directly from the
Read moreQ What is the context ? Month after setting sail on the Ganga from Patna, a vessel carrying 200 metric tonnes of food grains for the Food Corporation of India (FCI), docked at Guwahati’s Pandu port on the southern bank of the Brahmaputra. The occasion is believed to have taken inland water transport, on two of India’s largest river systems,
Read moreModel Answer Ecological succession is the steady and gradual change in a species of a given area with respect to the changing environment. The succession moves towards achieving an equilibrium in the environment. In some environments, succession reaches a climax, which produces a stable community dominated by a small number of prominent species. This state of equilibrium, called the “climax community”. Ecologists have
Read moreHow Asian desert dust enhances Indian summer monsoon Q. What is the news? A recent study shows how dust coming from the deserts in the West, Central and East Asia plays an important role in the Indian Summer Monsoon. The researchers also explain how the Indian Summer Monsoon has a reverse effect and can increase the winds in West Asia
Read moreWhat could be the reasons behind an unusually large hole that has opened in the ozone layer over the Arctic? Over the last month, a new hole in the ozone layer has started to form over the Arctic. The ozone layer over the North Pole has been depleted plenty of times in the past. But this time around, extreme weather
Read moreModel Answer Structure of the answer: Meaning of volcano Mechanism and causes for its formation Distribution of volcano (with the help of data) Conclusion Volcanos or vulcanism comprises of all phenomena connected with movement of heated material from interior/mantle towards the earth surface. The volcano may be “active volcano” like Mount Etna or “dormant volcano” like Mount Vesuvius or Extinct volcano that have no indication of future eruption. Volcanos are
Read moreStructure of the answer: Introduction: Role of winds Various erosional features Various depositional features Conclusion Model Answer The wind is the main geomorphic agent especially in the hot deserts. Winds have a dual role in creating Erosional landforms and other in creating Depositional landforms. These geomorphic features are most typically found in arid environments where there is little vegetation, where there are frequently strong winds etc. The landforms
Read moreStructure of the answer: Introduction Features of tropical cyclone Factors contributing in formation of cyclones Difference between tropical and extra tropical cyclones Conclusion Model Answer Cyclone is an intense vortex or a whirl in the atmosphere with very strong winds circulating around it in anti-clockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphere and in clockwise direction in the Southern Hemisphere. For Ex- Cyclone Titli Some of the special characteristics of
Read moreStructure of the answer: Introduction (Blue economy) Ocean as the source for various resources Importance of blue economy Final analysis Model Answer The concept of blue economy was given by Gunter Pauli. It is the sustainable use of ocean resources for economic growth, improved livelihoods and jobs and ocean ecosystem health. Thus, it advocates the greening of ocean development for purposes of higher
Read moreStructure of the answer: Introduction Causes of floods Steps to mitigate vulnerability Conclusion Model Answer Flood is a state of higher water level along a river channel or on coast leading to inundation of land that is not normally submerge. In India, 40 million hectares out of a geographical area of 3290 lakh hectares is prone to floods. Moreover, every year, 1600 lives are lost
Read moreStructure of the answer: Introduction Difference between Himalayan and Peninsular river system Importance of river system in India Conclusion Model Answer Rivers are considered as the lifelines of a country as they provide the most valuable thing for the survival i.e. water. The rivers in India can be broadly categorized into two different categories based on their origin: the Himalayan Rivers and the Peninsular
Read moreApproach: Explain the meaning of climate forcing and related phenomenon with relevant examples. Discuss various natural and anthropogenic causes of climate change. Conclude the answer, as per the context. Model Answer Any external factor that originates from outside the climate system and can become a cause of climate change is called Climate Forcing. These factors are specifically known as forcings
Read moreAbout: Krishna Godavari basin The delta plain formed by Krishna and Godavari rivers in the state of Andhra Pradesh and the adjoining areas of Bay of Bengal is known as Krishna Godavari Basin. It is a proven hydrocarbon reserve, with an inland part that covers an area of 28,000 sq. km and an offshore (located in the sea or near the coast) part that
Read moreRivers and their tributaries:- 1)Tributaries of Ganga: 1. Gomti 2. Ghaghra 3. Gandak 4. Kosi 5. Yamuna 6. Son 7. Hoogly 2)Tributaries of Yamuna: 1. Chambal 2. Sindh 3. Betwa 4. Ken 5. Tons 6. Hindon 3)Tributaries of Godavari: 1. Indravati 2. Manjira 3. Bindusara 4. Sarbari 5. Penganga 6.Pranahita 4)Tributaries of Krishna: 1. Tungabhadra 2. Ghataprabha 3. Malaprabha 4.
Read moreEl Nino :- El- Nino is Spanish word for male child ( Christ Child) El Nino refers to two things:- 1. ceasing of upwelling off west coast of South America (Eastern Pacific Ocean) 2. appearance of warmer waters than average on the surface of ocean off the west coast of South America. Statistically, El-nino has been found have a negative
Read moreDoldrums:- At sea, ITCZ area is called doldrums because sailors in olden days used to get becalmed here. It’s the region of weak winds (small pressure gradients), High Humidity and High Temperatures occuring heat near equator. Horse Latitude:- In olden days, Zones at about 30 N/S Degree were known as Horse latitude. When ships were becalmed, horses were thrown to
Read moreHeadline : Prelims Program: Map- Argentina Details : Why it is important? Argentina hosted the recent G20 summit in 2018. In Feb 2019, Argentina’s President paid a state visit to India. 2019 is the 70th year of establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries. Argentina Argentina is located mostly in the southern half of the South America. Argentina derives
Read moreDetails : Why it is important? In view of the Pulwama attack, India is weighing its options for retaliation against Pakistan, who sponsored the attack.Out of many options, one big move that India can take is to abrogate the Indus Waters Treaty (which deals with river Indus and its five tributaries). Join Telegram: https://t.me/SimplifiedIAS Indus River System It is one
Read moreHeadline : Why a dam in Karnataka bothers Tamil Nadu Details : Why in news? Recently, Tamil Nadu Chief Minister E K Palaniswami wrote to the Prime Minister urging him to stop the process of a feasibility study for the Mekedatu dam project in Karnataka. About Mekedatu dam project Being set up by the Karnataka government, the project is near Mekedatu,
Read moreTropical Evergreen Forests Conditions for growth: Tropical Evergreen and Semi Evergreen Forests are found mainly in the areas where the annual rainfall is more than 250 cm, with a short dry season. The average annual temperature should be above 22 °C. Characteristics: Lofty, very dense, multi-layered forest with mesophytic evergreen, 45m or more in height, with large number of species,
Read moreConsider the following statements about Kishenganga River 1. It is a tributary of river Satluj 2. It is called Neelum in Pakistan Select the correct statements a Only 1 b Only 2 c Both 1 and 2 d Neither 1 nor 2 Explanation: Solution (b) The Jhelum has its source in a spring at Verinag in
Read moreSeismic Gap:- It’s the earthquake prone area where occurs a gap in the occurrence record of major earthquakes. This means, that statistically, major earthquake is due ie, much more time had elapsed since the last major earthquake than the average time gap between two major earthquake as per the historical occurances. Telegram : https://t.me/SimplifiedIAS Liquefaction:- Earthquake waves gets significantly amplified
Read moreTrade Winds:- Trade winds are most regular of all the planetary winds and in general they blow with great force and in constant direction. Since trade winds blow from the subtropical latitudes to the warmer equatorial latitudes, they have great capacity of holding moisture. In their passage across oceans, they gather more moisture and bring heavy rainfall to the east
Read moreEl Nino :- El- Nino is Spanish word for male child ( Christ Child) El Nino refers to two things:- 1. ceasing of upwelling off west coast of South America (Eastern Pacific Ocean) 2. appearance of warmer waters than average on the surface of ocean off the west coast of South America. Statistically, El-nino has been found have a negative
Read moreDoldrums:- At sea, ITCZ area is called doldrums because sailors in olden days used to get becalmed here. It’s the region of weak winds (small pressure gradients), High Humidity and High Temperatures occuring heat near equator. Telegram: https://t.me/SimplifiedIAS Horse Latitude:- In olden days, Zones at about 30 N/S Degree were known as Horse latitude. When ships were becalmed, horses were
Read moreQ19. Consider the following pairs: Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched? Ocean Current Coast Affected 1. Humboldt – Brazil 2. Aghulas -Africa 3. Irminger -USA A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 2 only D. 1 and 3 only Answer: C Exp: Ocean currents are large masses of surface water that circulate in
Read moreQ17. Consider the following statements: 1. Highest peak in the Western Ghats is Anamudi. 2. The Aravalli range is an example of block mountain. 3. Guru Shikhar is the highest peak in the Abu hills. Which of the statements given above are correct? A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 3 only D. None
Read moreAbout Steel sector • In 2016-17, India’s total ‘Finished Steel Production’ for sale was around 100 MT with an apparent consumption of about 85 MT. Thus production of finished steel was sufficient to meet its present demand in the country and also for exports. • The domestic steel sector contributes around 2% of the country’s GDP and employs over 6 lakh
Read moreSolar storms: It could refer to the following: Coronal mass ejection: Corona, the outer solar atmosphere, is structured by strong magnetic fields. Where these fields are closed, often above sunspot groups, the confined solar atmosphere can suddenly and violently release bubbles of gas and magnetic fields called coronal mass ejections. Solar flares: These are intense burst of radiations coming from the release
Read moreBuxa Tiger Reserve: It is located in Alipurduar district of West Bengal. It was notified as a tiger reserve in 1983. The tiger reserve has an area of about 758 sq km. Out of this, 390 sq km lies in the core area and 367 sq km in the buffer zone. Some parts of the reserve share a border with Bhutan.
Read moreTropic of Cancer passes through below countries N America – Mexico Bahamas Africa – Western Sahara Mauritania Mali Algeria Niger Libya Egypt Middle East – Saudi Arabia UAE Oman Asia – India Bangladesh Myanmar China Taiwan
Read morePrime Meridian passes through below countries Europe UK France Spain Africa Algeria Mali Burkina Faso Tongo Ghana
Read moreEquator: passes through below Countries S America Ecuador Colombia Brazil Africa – Sao Tome & Principe Gabon Republic of the Congo Democratic Republic of the Congo Uganda Kenya Somalia Maldives Asia – Indonesia Kiribati
Read moreEquatorial Zone Equatorial rainforest – around equator Amazon rainforest, Congo basin, and east indies Uniform weather through out the year Rains in the afternoons Double rainfall peaks coinciding with the equinoxes Canopy structure – layered trees Epiphytes Unfertile soil Abundance of species Difficult to penetrate the jungle Cloud Forests – relates to Selvas Hardwood trees – mahogany, rosewood, rubber, ebony
Read moreMinerals Metallic Ferrous – Iron, manganese Non Ferrous – Cu, Bauxite Non Metallic Fuel – Coal, Oil, petroleum Others – mica, limestone, granite Iron ore India has largest reserve in Asia Haematite and magnetite Northern Orissa – Rourkela steel plant (German collaboration) Jharkand – Jamshedpur , Bokaro steel plant (Russian collaboration) Chattisgarh – Bhilai steel plant (Russian collaboration) Western WB
Read moreTropic of Capricorn passes through below countries S America – Argentina Brazil Chile Paraguay Africa – Namibia Botswana S Africa Mozambique Madagascar Oceania Australia
Read moreIt is a Swiss nonprofit foundation, based in Cologny, Geneva. The forum was founded in 1971 by Klaus Schwab, a German-born business professor at the University of Geneva. Recognized by the Swiss authorities as the international institution for public-private cooperation, its mission is cited as “committed to improving the state of the world by engaging business, political, academic, and other
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The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), also referred to as the Met Department, is an agency of the Ministry of Earth Sciences of the Government of India. It is the principal agency responsible for meteorological observations, weather forecasting and seismology. It was established in 1875. IMD is headquartered in New Delhi and operates hundreds of observation stations across India and Antarctica. IMD is
Read moreThe fund consists entirely of public contributions and does not get any budgetary support. The corpus of the fund is invested with banks in fixed deposits. Disbursements are made with the approval of the Prime Minister. PMNRF has not been constituted by the Parliament. The fund is recognized as a Trust under the Income Tax Act and the same is managed
Read moreNatural vegetation refers to a plant community that has been left undisturbed over a long time, so as to allow its individual species to adjust themselves to climate and soil conditions as fully as possible. Himalayan heights are marked with temperate vegetation; Western Ghats and the Andaman Nicobar Islands have tropical rain forests Deltaic regions have tropical forests and mangroves;
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