Title : Is democracy losing ground? Even as there are powerful pro-democracy movements in Hong Kong and Venezuela, there has been a trend in recent years that democracy is in retreat. Many surveys concur. The latest survey by Freedom House, an American think-tank, is called “Democracy in Crisis”. In 2017, for the 12th consecutive year, countries that suffered democratic setbacks
Read moreQuotes for Essays: 1) Gandhi: https://upscexpress.com/2017/07/16/mahatma-gandhi-quotes-for-essays/ 2) Marx: https://upscexpress.com/2017/07/16/karl-marx-quotes/ 3) Aristotle: https://upscexpress.com/2017/07/16/aristotle-quotes-for-essay/ 4) Buddha: https://upscexpress.com/2017/07/16/indian-political-thoughts-buddha-quotes/ 5) Plato: https://upscexpress.com/2017/07/16/plato-quotes-for-essay/ 6) Ambedkar: https://upscexpress.com/2017/07/16/dr-babasaheb-ambedkar-quotes/ 7) Kautilya: https://upscexpress.com/2017/07/16/kautilya-chanakya-quotes/ 8) Aurobindo Ghosh: https://upscexpress.com/2017/07/16/aurobindo-ghosh-quotes-for-essay/ 9) Socrates: https://upscexpress.com/2017/07/16/western-political-thoughts-socrates-quotes/ 10) Machiaveli : https://upscexpress.com/2017/07/16/%E2%80%8Bmachiavelli-father-of-realism-quotes/ 11) Hobbes: https://upscexpress.com/2017/07/16/wesrer-political-thoughts-thomas-hobbes-quotes/ 12) Rousseau: https://upscexpress.com/2017/07/16/rousseaus-quotes-father-of-french-revolution/ !3) John Locke: https://upscexpress.com/2017/07/16/john-locke-quotes-man-who-influenced-american-constitution/ 14) J.S. Mill: https://upscexpress.com/2017/07/17/j-s-mill-quotes-father-of-liberalism/ 15) Gramsci : https://upscexpress.com/2017/07/17/gramsci-follower-of-marxism-quotes-for-essay-and-ethics/ 16) Vivekananda : https://upscexpress.com/2017/07/17/vivekananda-quotes-on-spiritualism-and-life/ 17) Montesquieu: https://upscexpress.com/2017/07/17/montesquieu-quotes-use-in-political-essays/
Read moreAbout Steel sector • In 2016-17, India’s total ‘Finished Steel Production’ for sale was around 100 MT with an apparent consumption of about 85 MT. Thus production of finished steel was sufficient to meet its present demand in the country and also for exports. • The domestic steel sector contributes around 2% of the country’s GDP and employs over 6 lakh
Read moreLiteral Meaning Habeas Corpus – to have the body of Mandamus – command/order to do the duty to public official Prohibition – to forbid higher court to lower court – prevent from exceeding the jurisdiction (in between the trial) Certiorari – to be certified – superior court to inferior court to squash the order or transfer the case (at the
Read moreNational Investment and Infrastructure Fund It is a sovereign wealth fund created by the Government of India for enhancing infrastructure financing in the country. NIIF was proposed to be set up as a Trust, to raise debt to invest in the equity of infrastructure finance companies such as Indian Rail Finance Corporation (IRFC) and National Housing Bank (NHB). The idea is
Read moreIntroduction India has a 7,517-km coastline, which is dotted with 12 major ports and 187 minor or intermediate ports. India’s territorial waters end at 12 nautical miles while exclusive economic zone stretches to 200 nautical miles from the coast. EEZ: Exclusive Economic Zone An Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) is a concept adopted at the Third United Nations Conference on the Law
Read moreFiat money is a currency established as money by government regulation or law. It differs from commodity money and representative money. Demonetised currency are not fiat money as they are not legal tender Commodity money is created from a good, often a precious metal such as gold or silver, which has uses other than as a medium of exchange, while representative money simply represents a claim
Read moreA good for which demand increases when its price increases, and vice versa. Luxury goods like diamonds, whose appeal depends on their exorbitant price, are an example. It is named after American economist Thorstein Veblen. Veblen goods are considered exceptions to the law of demand, which states that the demand for a good must decrease as its price increases, and
Read moreWhy India faces huge corruption? • Colonial Legacy of unchallenged authority and abritary use of power • Asymmetry of power. Reduces societal pressure to conform to ethical behavior • Conscious choice of our economic policies which put citizen at the mercy of state – Monopoly – Corruption. • Over Centralization – Power is exercised more remotely – increasing the distance
Read moreLaw Commission of India • The first Law Commission was established in 1834 under the Charter Act of 1833 under the Chairmanship of Lord Macaulay which recommended codification of the Penal Code, the Criminal Procedure Code and a few other matters. • After independence, though the Constitution stipulated the continuation of pre-Constitution Laws (Article 372) till they are amended or
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Indian National Anthem Facts • Jana Gana Mana is the national anthem of India. • The underlying message of Jana Gana Mana is pluralism. • Jana Gana Mana was written on 11 December 1911. • It was first sung on 27 December 1911 at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress and again in January 1912 at the annual
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Dwight D. Eisenhower Leadership is the art of getting someone else to do something you want done because he wants to do it. A people that values its privileges above its principles soon loses both. You do not lead by hitting people over the head – that’s assault, not leadership. In preparing for battle I have always found that plans
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Alexander Graham Bell When one door closes another door opens; but we so often look so long and so regretfully upon the closed door, that we do not see the ones which open for us. Concentrate all your thoughts upon the work at hand. The sun’s rays do not burn until brought to a focus. Before anything else, preparation is
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Thomas Edison I have not failed. I’ve just found 10,000 ways that won’t work. Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration. Opportunity is missed by most people because it is dressed in overalls and looks like work. Many of life’s failures are people who did not realize how close they were to success when they gave up. If
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Benjamin Franklin Quotes They who can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety. An investment in knowledge pays the best interest. Our new Constitution is now established, everything seems to promise it will be durable; but, in this world, nothing is certain except death and taxes. You may delay, but time will
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Rudyard Kipling Quotes Words are, of course, the most powerful drug used by mankind. We have forty million reasons for failure, but not a single excuse. A woman’s guess is much more accurate than a man’s certainty. I always prefer to believe the best of everybody, it saves so much trouble. For the strength of the Pack is the Wolf,
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George Orwell Quotes Inn a time of universal deceit – telling the truth is a revolutionary act. If you want a vision of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face – forever. Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past. All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than
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Oscar Wilde I can resist everything except temptation. We are all in the gutter, but some of us are looking at the stars. Always forgive your enemies – nothing annoys them so much. Experience is simply the name we give our mistakes. The truth is rarely pure and never simple. Too many people today know the price of everything and
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Charles Dickens No one is useless in this world who lightens the burdens of another. Have a heart that never hardens, and a temper that never tires, and a touch that never hurts. It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. Reflect upon your present blessings — of which every man has many — not on
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Be not afraid of greatness: some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them. To thine own self be true, and it must follow, as the night the day, thou canst not then be false to any man. The course of true love never did run smooth. There is nothing either good or bad, but
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George Bernard Shaw Quotes A life spent making mistakes is not only more honourable, but more useful than a life spent doing nothing. There are two tragedies in life. One is not to get your heart’s desire. The other is to get it. Some men see things as they are and ask why. Others dream things that never were and
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Michel Foucault Madness is the absolute break with the work of art; it forms the constitutive moment of abolition, which dissolves in time the truth of the work of art. In its function, the power to punish is not essentially different from that of curing or educating. Freedom of conscience entails more dangers than authority and despotism. As the archaeology
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Henry David Thoreau Go confidently in the direction of your dreams. Live the life you have imagined. Our life is frittered away by detail… simplify, simplify. Things do not change; we change. Rather than love, than money, than fame, give me truth. If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost; that is where they
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Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Nothing great in the world has ever been accomplished without passion. An idea is always a generalization, and generalization is a property of thinking. To generalize means to think. Education is the art of making man ethical. Genuine tragedies in the world are not conflicts between right and wrong. They are conflicts between two rights. What
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Leo Tolstoy Everyone thinks of changing the world, but no one thinks of changing himself. If you want to be happy, be. All happy families resemble one another, each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way. All, everything that I understand, I understand only because I love. The two most powerful warriors are patience and time. There is no
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leon trotsky The end may justify the means as long as there is something that justifies the end. Old age is the most unexpected of all the things that can happen to a man. Learning carries within itself certain dangers because out of necessity one has to learn from one’s enemies. You may not be interested in strategy, but strategy
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Che Guevara The revolution is not an apple that falls when it is ripe. You have to make it fall. Silence is argument carried out by other means. I know you are here to kill me. Shoot, coward, you are only going to kill a man. If you tremble with indignation at every injustice, then you are a comrade of
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Fidel Castro Quotes A revolution is a struggle to the death between the future and the past. They talk about the failure of socialism but where is the success of capitalism in Africa, Asia and Latin America? I find capitalism repugnant. It is filthy, it is gross, it is alienating… because it causes war, hypocrisy and competition. The revolution is
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It doesn’t matter if a cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice. Keep a cool head and maintain a low profile. Never take the lead – but aim to do something big. Young leading cadres have risen up by helicopter. They should really rise step by step.
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Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun. War can only be abolished through war, and in order to get rid of the gun it is necessary to take up the gun. Politics is war without bloodshed, while war is politics with bloodshed. An army without culture is a dull-witted army, and a dull-witted army cannot defeat the
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The way to crush the bourgeoisie is to grind them between the millstones of taxation and inflation. The goal of socialism is communism. Freedom in capitalist society always remains about the same as it was in ancient Greek republics: Freedom for slave owners. One man with a gun can control 100 without one. Give me four years to teach the
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God is in all men, but all men are not in God; that is why we suffer. If you must be mad, be it not for the things of the world. Be mad with the love of God. When the divine vision is attained, all appear equal; and there remains no distinction of good and bad, or of high and
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Thomas Aquinas The things that we love tell us what we are. There is nothing on this earth more to be prized than true friendship. To one who has faith, no explanation is necessary. To one without faith, no explanation is possible. Better to illuminate than merely to shine, to deliver to others contemplated truths than merely to contemplate. Sorrow
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Albert Einstein Quotes Imagination is more important than knowledge. The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing. Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new. Try not to become a man of success, but rather try to become a man of value. Two things are infinite: the universe and
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The only thing we have to fear is fear itself. The test of our progress is not whether we add more to the abundance of those who have much; it is whether we provide enough for those who have too little. It is common sense to take a method and try it. If it fails, admit it frankly and try
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Dalai Lama – Quotes on Spirituality, Peace, Life, Hope, Justice which can be used in ethical cases and Essays. Be kind whenever possible. It is always possible. Happiness is not something ready made. It comes from your own actions. This is my simple religion. There is no need for temples; no need for complicated philosophy. Our own brain, our own
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Nelson Mandela Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. I learned that courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear. It always seems impossible until it’s done. For to be free is
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We don’t need a weakened government but a strong government that would take responsibility for the rights of the individual and care for the society as a whole. We shall fight against them, throw them in prisons and destroy them. The path towards a free society has not been simple. There are tragic and glorious pages in our history.
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Martin Luther King Jr. Quotes on Equality, Fraternity and Freedom to use in Essay and Ethics Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that. The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of
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John F Kennedy Quotes – ask not what your country can do for you — ask what you can do for your country. Forgive your enemies, but never forget their names. Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or present are certain to miss the future. Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will
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Sun Tzu All warfare is based on deception. Hence to fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence; supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy’s resistance without fighting. If you know the enemy and know yourself you need not fear the results of a hundred battles. The supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without
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Jean-Paul Satre Quotes Man is condemned to be free; because once thrown into the world, he is responsible for everything he does. Freedom is what you do with what’s been done to you. Three o’clock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do. If you are lonely when you are alone, you are in bad
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The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. Nobody made a greater mistake than he who did nothing because he could do only a little. Those who don’t know history are destined to repeat it. When bad men combine, the good must associate; else they will fall one by one, an unpitied
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Friedrich Nietzsche That which does not kill us makes us stronger. He who fights with monsters might take care lest he thereby become a monster. And if you gaze for long into an abyss, the abyss gazes also into you. He who has a why to live can bear almost any how. In individuals, insanity is rare; but in groups,
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Mother Teresa Quotes If you judge people, you have no time to love them. Spread love everywhere you go. Let no one ever come to you without leaving happier. Be faithful in small things because it is in them that your strength lies. Kind words can be short and easy to speak, but their echoes are truly endless. There are
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Immanuel Kant Science is organized knowledge. Wisdom is organized life. Morality is not properly the doctrine of how we may make ourselves happy, but how we may make ourselves worthy of happiness. Live your life as though your every act were to become a universal law. So act that your principle of action might safely be made a law for
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Confucius Quotes Everything has its beauty, but not everyone sees it. It does not matter how slowly you go so long as you do not stop. Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall. I want you to be everything that’s you, deep at the center of your being. I hear and I
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Change will not come if we wait for some other person or some other time. We are the ones we’ve been waiting for. We are the change that we seek. If you’re walking down the right path and you’re willing to keep walking, eventually you’ll make progress. The future rewards those who press on. I don’t have time to feel
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Atal Bihari Vajpayee Quotes Our nuclear weapons are meant purely as a deterrent against nuclear adventure by an adversary. You can change friends but not neighbours. Global interdependence today means that economic disasters in developing countries could create a backlash on developed countries. We hope the world will act in the spirit of enlightened self-interest. No state should be allowed
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Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm. If you’re going through hell, keep going. You have enemies? Good. That means you’ve stood up for something, sometime in your life. Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak. Courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen Success is not final, failure
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Those who want to live, let them fight, and those who do not want to fight in this world of eternal struggle do not deserve to live. If you tell a big enough lie and tell it frequently enough, it will be believed. He alone, who owns the youth, gains the future. Make the lie big, make it simple, keep
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Hannah Arendt The most radical revolutionary will become a conservative the day after the revolution. The sad truth is that most evil is done by people who never make up their minds to be good or evil. Only crime and the criminal, it is true, confront us with the perplexity of radical evil; but only the hypocrite is really rotten
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Judge of a man by his questions rather than by his answers. I disapprove of what you say, but will defend to the death your right to say it. Common sense is genius in homespun. II Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities. Every man is guilty of all the good he did not do.
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Jeremy Bentham Quotes The said truth is that it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong. The question is not, can they reason? Nor, can they talk? But, can they suffer? Stretching his hand up to reach the stars, too often man forgets the flowers at his feet. Every law is
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Associate with men of good quality if you esteem your own reputation; for it is better to be alone than in bad company. Be courteous to all, but intimate with few, and let those few be well tried before you give them your confidence. If the freedom of speech is taken away then dumb and silent we may be led,
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The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants. Do you want to know who you are? Don’t ask. Act! Action will delineate and define you. I hold it, that a little rebellion, now and then, is a good thing, and as necessary in the political world as storms in the
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There is no greater tyranny than that which is perpetrated under the shield of the law and in the name of justice. Success in the majority of circumstances depends on knowing how long it takes to succeed. I have always observed that to succeed in the world one should appear like a fool but be wise. The tyranny of a
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Paramhansa Yogananda – Spiritual quotes Let my soul smile through my heart and my heart smile through my eyes, that I may scatter rich smiles in sad hearts. Remain calm, serene, always in command of yourself. You will then find out how easy it is to get along. The season of failure is the best time for sowing the seeds
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Vivekananda Quotes You have to grow from the inside out. None can teach you, none can make you spiritual. There is no other teacher but your own soul. We are what our thoughts have made us; so take care about what you think. Words are secondary. Thoughts live; they travel far. The world is the great gymnasium where we come
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John Stuart Mill One person with a belief is equal to a force of ninety-nine who have only interests. A person may cause evil to others not only by his actions but by his inaction, and in either case he is justly accountable to them for the injury. Conservatives are not necessarily stupid, but most stupid people are conservatives. I
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It is enough that the people know there was an election. The people who cast the votes decide nothing. The people who count the votes decide everything. A single death is a tragedy; a million deaths is a statistic. Education is a weapon, whose effect depends on who holds it in his hands and at whom it is aimed. Ideas
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John Locke I have always thought the actions of men the best interpreters of their thoughts. Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge; it is thinking that makes what we read ours. All mankind… being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions. The only fence against the world
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I slept and dreamt that life was joy. I awoke and saw that life was service. I acted and behold, service was joy. Faith is the bird that feels the light when the dawn is still dark. You can’t cross the sea merely by standing and staring at the water. The butterfly counts not months but moments, and has time
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Abraham Lincoln Quotes Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man’s character, give him power. Most folks are about as happy as they make up their minds to be. And in the end, it’s not the years in your life that count. It’s the life in your years. Always bear in mind that your
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Indira Gandhi The power to question is the basis of all human progress. Forgiveness is a virtue of the brave. You must learn to be still in the midst of activity and to be vibrantly alive in repose. Martyrdom does not end something, it only a beginning. A nation’ s strength ultimately consists in what it can do on its
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APJ Abdul Kalam Man needs his difficulties because they are necessary to enjoy success. Look at the sky. We are not alone. The whole universe is friendly to us and conspires only to give the best to those who dream and work. You have to dream before your dreams can come true. We should not give up and we should
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Aurobindo Ghosh Quotes That which we call the Hindu religion is really the Eternal religion because it embraces all others. Hidden nature is secret God. India of the ages is not dead nor has she spoken her last creative word; she lives and has still something to do for herself and the human peoples. To listen to some devout people,
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Education is the best friend. An educated person is respected everywhere. Education beats the beauty and the youth. A person should not be too honest. Straight trees are cut first and honest people are screwed first. Once you start a working on something, don’t be afraid of failure and don’t abandon it. People who work sincerely are the happiest. There
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I like the religion that teaches liberty, equality and fraternity. Life should be great rather than long. I measure the progress of a community by the degree of progress which women have achieved. Cultivation of mind should be the ultimate aim of human existence. Men are mortal. So are ideas. An idea needs propagation as much as a plant needs
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Only the dead have seen the end of war. Music is a moral law. It gives soul to the universe, wings to the mind, flight to the imagination, and charm and gaiety to life and to everything. Be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a hard battle. Wise men talk because they have something to say; fools, because they
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We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit. What is a friend? A single soul dwelling in two bodies. It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it. Pleasure in the job puts perfection in the work. Happiness depends upon ourselves. I count him
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Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, just as it is the spirit of a spiritless situation. It is the opium of the people. There is a specter haunting Europe, the specter of Communism. The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways. The point, however, is to change it. Capital is
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You must be the change you wish to see in the world. The weak can never forgive. Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong. Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony. An eye for eye only ends up making the whole world blind. Live as if you were to die tomorrow;
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Having good vocabulary gives edge in Ethics and Essay.
Read moreCSE Mains General Studies Paper – IV Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude) This paper will include questions to test the candidates’ attitude and approach to issues relating to integrity, probity in public life and his problem solving approach to various issues and conflicts faced by him in dealing with society. Questions may utilise the case study approach to determine these aspects. The following broad areas will
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