In Focus: E-Courts in India The Indian judiciary comprises of nearly 15,000 courts situated in approximately 2,500 court complexes throughout the country. The e-Courts project was conceptualized on the basis of the “National Policy and Action Plan for Implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the Indian Judiciary – 2005”submitted by e-Committee, Supreme Court of India with a vision to
Read moreHeadline : Who are the 19 lakh excluded from Assam NRC, and what next for them? Details : In News: The recently published final list of people in updated National Register of Citizen (NRC) has stripped nearly 19 lakh people in the north-eastern state of Assam of their citizenship. About: NRC The NRC for a state is the list of Indian
Read moreHeadline : Can Pakistan get the ICJ to undo India’s decision on J&K’s special status? Details : In News: Pakistan has decided to approach the International Court of Justice (ICJ) over the recent revocation of Jammu and Kashmir’s special status by India. Telegram: https://t.me/ShubhraRanjanPSIR Theme of the topic: The topic analysis the ICJ’s Jurisdiction over the Jammu and Kashmir case About/; International Court of
Read moreHeadline : Explained: Sikkim, from Chogyal rule to Indian state Details : In News: Recently, Sikkim’s longest serving Chief Minister, Pawan Chamling, became the sole elected Opposition representative in the Assembly after the remaining 12 Sikkim Democratic Front (SDF) MLAs defected, with 10 joining the BJP and another two joining the ruling Sikkim Krantikari Morcha (SKM). Telegram: https://t.me/ShubhraRanjanPSIR http://www.UpscExpress.com Context of
Read moreHeadline : One tribunal for all river water disputes: why the proposal, how it will work Details : In News: The Inter-State River Water Disputes (Amendment) Bill, 2019 has been passed by Lok Sabha. It seeks to streamline the adjudication of disputes relating to waters of inter-State rivers and river valleys. News Summary: The Bill cleared by Lok Sabha seeks to
Read moreHeadline : India rises in global innovation ranking Details : The News India has jumped five places to rank 52 in the Global Innovation Index 2019 (GII). The GII is a global benchmark that helps policy makers better understand how to stimulate and measure innovative activity, a main driver of economic and social development. News Summary: The latest Global Innovation index rankings
Read moreIndian Polity and Governance Social Issues (Final Merged) Download Join https://t.me/SimplifiedIAS
Read moreHeadline : Open up the Supreme Court Editorial 9th Apr’19 TheHindu Details : Delhi HC judgement said RTI applicable to higher judiciary: In 2009, the High Court of Delhi handed down a landmark judgment dealing with the Right to Information (RTI) Act. It held that the Office of the Chief Justice of India (CJI) was a “public authority”, and therefore, subject to
Read moreHeadline : Another look at fiscal transfers Editorial 25th Mar’19 TheHindu Details : Significance of federalism: The origin of the concept of federalism is mainly political. It is well known that the efficiency of a government depends on, among other factors, its structure. In large countries, it has been felt that only a federal structure can efficiently meet the requirements of people
Read moreDespite the consensus around the need for reforms, Indian prisons remain in a poor state as reflected in various issues including overcrowding and violation of prisoners’ rights. Discuss in light of the recently formed Amitava Roy committee. What measures must be taken to address this issue? (15 marks) Approach: Introduce with the recent SC decision to form a committee on prison
Read moreIs the High Court’s power to issue writs wider than that of the Supreme Court of India? Examine. (10 marks) Approach: Introduce with the power of courts to issue writs under Article 32 and 226 Compare the writ jurisdictions of SC and HCs – wider jurisdiction of HC in some aspects and SC writ jurisdiction wider in other aspects Conclude
Read moreThere are 5 provisions under which Parliament can legislate on a subject included in state list: Article 249 if the Council of States has declared by resolution supported by not less than two thirds of the members present and voting that it is necessary or expedient in the national interest that Parliament should make laws with respect to any matter
Read moreWildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB) is a statutory multi-disciplinary body established under the Ministry, to combat organized wildlife crime in the country. The Bureau has its headquarters in New Delhi and five regional offices at Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai and Jabalpur; three sub-regional offices at Guwahati, Amritsar and Cochin; and five border units at Ramanathapuram, Gorakhpur, Motihari, Nathula and Moreh.
Read moreThe position with respect to lapsing of bills is as follows: A bill pending in the Lok Sabha lapses (whether originating in the Lok Sabha or transmitted to it by the Rajya Sabha). A bill passed by the Lok Sabha but pending in the Rajya Sabha lapses. A bill not passed by the two Houses due to disagreement and if
Read moreIt is established by Government of India under the provisions of the Delimitation Commission Act. The main task of the commission is to redraw the boundaries of the various assembly and Lok Sabha constituencies based on a recent census. The representation from each state is not changed during this exercise. However, the numbers of SC and ST seats in a
Read moreApproach: Introduce the issue of Naga insurgency. Explain its impact on security of India as well as that in northeastern states. Provide measures undertaken by Government especially Naga peace accord. Conclude appropriately. Model Answer : Ever since Indian Independence, the Naga Insurgency has taken many forms, including the demands for secessionism to wanton violence. The Naga Insurgency at present is
Read moreWith the passage of The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2016, transgender people will have a better chance at being integrated into mainstream leading to greater inclusiveness. Critically comment. Approach • Introduce with the discrimination faced by transgenders • Highlight the key provisions of the Transgender Bill • Comment on how the provisions fall short of the intent behind
Read more• A three-judge Bench, led by Chief Justice of India, gave verdict on Cauvery river water dispute. CWDT’s verdict: • The Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal (CWDT) verdict in 2007: Of the 740 thousand million cubic feet (TMC) of water available for utilisation, • 419 TMC was awarded to Tamil Nadu, • 270 TMC to Karnataka, • 30 TMC to Kerala and
Read moreQ32. Consider the following statements regarding the Speaker of the Lok Sabha: 1. He prorogues the House in the absence of quorum. 2. He presides over a joint sitting of the Houses, addressed by the President. 3. He decides whether a bill is a Money bill or not and his decision in this regard is final. 4. He never votes
Read moreUnitary Features of Indian constitution: 1. The States of Indian Don’t have their own constitution as in the states of USA and Australia have their own constitution. 2. Uniform and single Citizenship in India (Australia and USA have double citizenship). 3. Parliament can make the changes of territorial extent of a State without its consent. 4. Parliament has full control
Read more• The Centre has informed the Supreme Court that it will set up at least 12 special courts to try exclusively criminal cases involving MPs and MLAs. Issues • Criminalisation of politics has remained a key issue. In 2014, as many as 1,581 lawmakers were facing prosecution in a mind-boggling 13,500 cases. • It took years, probably decades, to complete the
Read moreKhadi and Freedom movement Khadi owes its revival to the Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi who saw it as a tool to become self-reliant and independent. Britishers bought raw materials at cheaper rate from India and sold their costly finished products in India. This unfavourable balance of trade was first brought to the mainstream by Dada Bhai Nairoji. Dada
Read moreDoes India need a presidential system? Arguments :- Against Debate can be divided in to feasibility and desirability In the existing constitutional scheme, change is not possible. Supreme court of India already held parliamentary form of Government as part of the basic structure of the constitution. Presidential system centralizes power and chances of it turning in to an authoritative system are
Read moreEast Asia Summit is a unique Leaders-led forum of 18 countries of the Asia-Pacific region formed to further the objectives of regional peace, security and prosperity. It has evolved as a forum for strategic dialogue and cooperation on political, security and economic issues of common regional concern and plays an important role in the regional architecture. Established in 2005, EAS
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The Islamic Development Bank is an international financial institution established in pursuance of the Declaration of Intent issued by the Conference of Finance Ministers of Muslim Countries held in Jeddah in December 1973, and the Bank was formally opened on 20 October 1975. The purpose of the Bank is to foster the economic development and social progress of member countries
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It is an inter-governmental body within the United Nations system responsible for strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights around the globe and for addressing situations of human rights violations and make recommendations on them. It meets at the UN Office at Geneva. The Council is made up of 47 United Nations Member States which are elected by the
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Principles of Just recourse to war • Last resort • Just cause • Legitimate authority • Right intentin • Reasonable prospect of success • Proportionality
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Formed in 1949 with the signing of the Washington Treaty, NATO is a security alliance of 28 countries from North America and Europe. NATO’s fundamental goal is to safeguard the Allies’ freedom and security by political and military means. The organization constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual defence in response to an attack
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Thucydides quotes The bravest are surely those who have the clearest vision of what is before them, glory and danger alike, and yet notwithstanding, go out to meet it. The secret to happiness is freedom… And the secret to freedom is courage. Be convinced that to be happy means to be free and that to be free means to be
Read moreCentral Bureau of Investigation :- CBI CBI has grown into a multidisciplinary investigation agency over a period of time. Today it has the following three divisions for investigation of crime: Anti-Corruption Division – for investigation of cases under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 against Public officials and the employees of Central Government, Public Sector Undertakings, Corporations or Bodies owned
Read moreMedical Council of India (MCI) The Medical Council of India (MCI) is a statutory body for establishing uniform and high standards of medical education in India. The Council grants recognition of medical qualifications, gives accreditation to medical schools, grants registration to medical practitioners, and monitors medical practice in India. The Medical Council of India was first established in 1934 under
Read moreCensure Motion • This motion can be moved only in the Lok Sabha and by the Opposition of the House. • It can be moved against the Council of Ministers or an individual Minister or a group of Ministers for their failure to act or not to act or for their policy and may express regret, indignation or surprise of
Read moreWhy India faces huge corruption? • Colonial Legacy of unchallenged authority and abritary use of power • Asymmetry of power. Reduces societal pressure to conform to ethical behavior • Conscious choice of our economic policies which put citizen at the mercy of state – Monopoly – Corruption. • Over Centralization – Power is exercised more remotely – increasing the distance
Read moreCITIZENSHIP: Acquisition of Citizenship: By descent : Present : registration in embassy. By registration : 1+ 6/8 By Naturalization : 1 + 11/14 By Incorporation of new territory. By Birth : 1993 : Atleast one parent, present : both father and mother. Children of foreign diplomats and enemy alien – no citizenship by birth Termination : By Deprivation : Govt
Read moreLaw Commission of India • The first Law Commission was established in 1834 under the Charter Act of 1833 under the Chairmanship of Lord Macaulay which recommended codification of the Penal Code, the Criminal Procedure Code and a few other matters. • After independence, though the Constitution stipulated the continuation of pre-Constitution Laws (Article 372) till they are amended or
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Dwight D. Eisenhower Leadership is the art of getting someone else to do something you want done because he wants to do it. A people that values its privileges above its principles soon loses both. You do not lead by hitting people over the head – that’s assault, not leadership. In preparing for battle I have always found that plans
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Benjamin Franklin Quotes They who can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety. An investment in knowledge pays the best interest. Our new Constitution is now established, everything seems to promise it will be durable; but, in this world, nothing is certain except death and taxes. You may delay, but time will
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Rudyard Kipling Quotes Words are, of course, the most powerful drug used by mankind. We have forty million reasons for failure, but not a single excuse. A woman’s guess is much more accurate than a man’s certainty. I always prefer to believe the best of everybody, it saves so much trouble. For the strength of the Pack is the Wolf,
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George Orwell Quotes Inn a time of universal deceit – telling the truth is a revolutionary act. If you want a vision of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face – forever. Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past. All animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than
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Be not afraid of greatness: some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them. To thine own self be true, and it must follow, as the night the day, thou canst not then be false to any man. The course of true love never did run smooth. There is nothing either good or bad, but
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George Bernard Shaw Quotes A life spent making mistakes is not only more honourable, but more useful than a life spent doing nothing. There are two tragedies in life. One is not to get your heart’s desire. The other is to get it. Some men see things as they are and ask why. Others dream things that never were and
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Michel Foucault Madness is the absolute break with the work of art; it forms the constitutive moment of abolition, which dissolves in time the truth of the work of art. In its function, the power to punish is not essentially different from that of curing or educating. Freedom of conscience entails more dangers than authority and despotism. As the archaeology
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Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel Nothing great in the world has ever been accomplished without passion. An idea is always a generalization, and generalization is a property of thinking. To generalize means to think. Education is the art of making man ethical. Genuine tragedies in the world are not conflicts between right and wrong. They are conflicts between two rights. What
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leon trotsky The end may justify the means as long as there is something that justifies the end. Old age is the most unexpected of all the things that can happen to a man. Learning carries within itself certain dangers because out of necessity one has to learn from one’s enemies. You may not be interested in strategy, but strategy
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Che Guevara The revolution is not an apple that falls when it is ripe. You have to make it fall. Silence is argument carried out by other means. I know you are here to kill me. Shoot, coward, you are only going to kill a man. If you tremble with indignation at every injustice, then you are a comrade of
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Fidel Castro Quotes A revolution is a struggle to the death between the future and the past. They talk about the failure of socialism but where is the success of capitalism in Africa, Asia and Latin America? I find capitalism repugnant. It is filthy, it is gross, it is alienating… because it causes war, hypocrisy and competition. The revolution is
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It doesn’t matter if a cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice. Keep a cool head and maintain a low profile. Never take the lead – but aim to do something big. Young leading cadres have risen up by helicopter. They should really rise step by step.
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Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun. War can only be abolished through war, and in order to get rid of the gun it is necessary to take up the gun. Politics is war without bloodshed, while war is politics with bloodshed. An army without culture is a dull-witted army, and a dull-witted army cannot defeat the
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The way to crush the bourgeoisie is to grind them between the millstones of taxation and inflation. The goal of socialism is communism. Freedom in capitalist society always remains about the same as it was in ancient Greek republics: Freedom for slave owners. One man with a gun can control 100 without one. Give me four years to teach the
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Benito Mussolini Democracy is beautiful in theory; in practice it is a fallacy. You in America will see that some day. Socialism is a fraud, a comedy, a phantom, a blackmail. The truth is that men are tired of liberty. Every anarchist is a baffled dictator. Let us have a dagger between our teeth, a bomb in our hands, and
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God is in all men, but all men are not in God; that is why we suffer. If you must be mad, be it not for the things of the world. Be mad with the love of God. When the divine vision is attained, all appear equal; and there remains no distinction of good and bad, or of high and
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Thomas Aquinas The things that we love tell us what we are. There is nothing on this earth more to be prized than true friendship. To one who has faith, no explanation is necessary. To one without faith, no explanation is possible. Better to illuminate than merely to shine, to deliver to others contemplated truths than merely to contemplate. Sorrow
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Albert Einstein Quotes Imagination is more important than knowledge. The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reason for existing. Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new. Try not to become a man of success, but rather try to become a man of value. Two things are infinite: the universe and
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The only thing we have to fear is fear itself. The test of our progress is not whether we add more to the abundance of those who have much; it is whether we provide enough for those who have too little. It is common sense to take a method and try it. If it fails, admit it frankly and try
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Dalai Lama – Quotes on Spirituality, Peace, Life, Hope, Justice which can be used in ethical cases and Essays. Be kind whenever possible. It is always possible. Happiness is not something ready made. It comes from your own actions. This is my simple religion. There is no need for temples; no need for complicated philosophy. Our own brain, our own
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Nelson Mandela Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. I learned that courage was not the absence of fear, but the triumph over it. The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear. It always seems impossible until it’s done. For to be free is
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We don’t need a weakened government but a strong government that would take responsibility for the rights of the individual and care for the society as a whole. We shall fight against them, throw them in prisons and destroy them. The path towards a free society has not been simple. There are tragic and glorious pages in our history.
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Martin Luther King Jr. Quotes on Equality, Fraternity and Freedom to use in Essay and Ethics Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that. The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of
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John F Kennedy Quotes – ask not what your country can do for you — ask what you can do for your country. Forgive your enemies, but never forget their names. Change is the law of life. And those who look only to the past or present are certain to miss the future. Those who make peaceful revolution impossible will
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Sun Tzu All warfare is based on deception. Hence to fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence; supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy’s resistance without fighting. If you know the enemy and know yourself you need not fear the results of a hundred battles. The supreme art of war is to subdue the enemy without
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Being entirely honest with oneself is a good exercise. Sometimes a cigar is just a cigar. We are never so defenseless against suffering as when we love. The ego is not master in its own house. Most people do not really want freedom, because freedom involves responsibility, and most people are frightened of responsibility. America is a mistake, a giant
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Jean-Paul Satre Quotes Man is condemned to be free; because once thrown into the world, he is responsible for everything he does. Freedom is what you do with what’s been done to you. Three o’clock is always too late or too early for anything you want to do. If you are lonely when you are alone, you are in bad
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Why Quit India Movement (August Revolution)is most UnGandhian? It was most militant and UnGandhian because of following reasons. Movement was clear rebellion, least controlled and most spontaneous Gandhi allowed use of arms in self-defense Justified armed resistance against stronger and well-equipped aggressor Called for Do or Die Asked not to remain alive to see country in state of bondage of
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The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. Nobody made a greater mistake than he who did nothing because he could do only a little. Those who don’t know history are destined to repeat it. When bad men combine, the good must associate; else they will fall one by one, an unpitied
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Friedrich Nietzsche That which does not kill us makes us stronger. He who fights with monsters might take care lest he thereby become a monster. And if you gaze for long into an abyss, the abyss gazes also into you. He who has a why to live can bear almost any how. In individuals, insanity is rare; but in groups,
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Revolutionary Movement in India Telegram : https://t.me/SimplifiedIAS Contributions Revolutionary term is used for section of Indian Nationalists who believed in “Cult of Bomb”. Difference between Revolutionary and Terrorist Revolutionaries used violence against those whom they considered as exploiters. Terrorist go for indiscriminate use of violence and Killing of innocent people can not be justified. Sources of Influences on Revolutionaries Bankim
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Immanuel Kant Science is organized knowledge. Wisdom is organized life. Morality is not properly the doctrine of how we may make ourselves happy, but how we may make ourselves worthy of happiness. Live your life as though your every act were to become a universal law. So act that your principle of action might safely be made a law for
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Confucius Quotes Everything has its beauty, but not everyone sees it. It does not matter how slowly you go so long as you do not stop. Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall. I want you to be everything that’s you, deep at the center of your being. I hear and I
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Change will not come if we wait for some other person or some other time. We are the ones we’ve been waiting for. We are the change that we seek. If you’re walking down the right path and you’re willing to keep walking, eventually you’ll make progress. The future rewards those who press on. I don’t have time to feel
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Mark Twain Whenever you find yourself on the side of the majority, it is time to pause and reflect. If you tell the truth, you don’t have to remember anything. Don’t go around saying the world owes you a living. The world owes you nothing. It was here first. I have never let my schooling interfere with my education. Get
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Atal Bihari Vajpayee Quotes Our nuclear weapons are meant purely as a deterrent against nuclear adventure by an adversary. You can change friends but not neighbours. Global interdependence today means that economic disasters in developing countries could create a backlash on developed countries. We hope the world will act in the spirit of enlightened self-interest. No state should be allowed
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Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm. If you’re going through hell, keep going. You have enemies? Good. That means you’ve stood up for something, sometime in your life. Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak. Courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen Success is not final, failure
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Those who want to live, let them fight, and those who do not want to fight in this world of eternal struggle do not deserve to live. If you tell a big enough lie and tell it frequently enough, it will be believed. He alone, who owns the youth, gains the future. Make the lie big, make it simple, keep
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Hannah Arendt The most radical revolutionary will become a conservative the day after the revolution. The sad truth is that most evil is done by people who never make up their minds to be good or evil. Only crime and the criminal, it is true, confront us with the perplexity of radical evil; but only the hypocrite is really rotten
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Judge of a man by his questions rather than by his answers. I disapprove of what you say, but will defend to the death your right to say it. Common sense is genius in homespun. II Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities. Every man is guilty of all the good he did not do.
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Associate with men of good quality if you esteem your own reputation; for it is better to be alone than in bad company. Be courteous to all, but intimate with few, and let those few be well tried before you give them your confidence. If the freedom of speech is taken away then dumb and silent we may be led,
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There is no greater tyranny than that which is perpetrated under the shield of the law and in the name of justice. Success in the majority of circumstances depends on knowing how long it takes to succeed. I have always observed that to succeed in the world one should appear like a fool but be wise. The tyranny of a
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Gramsci Pessimism of the spirit; optimism of the will. I’m a pessimist because of intelligence, but an optimist because of will. The challenge of modernity is to live without illusions and without becoming disillusioned. To tell the truth is revolutionary. I turn and turn in my cell like a fly that doesn’t know where to die. All men are intellectuals…
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John Stuart Mill One person with a belief is equal to a force of ninety-nine who have only interests. A person may cause evil to others not only by his actions but by his inaction, and in either case he is justly accountable to them for the injury. Conservatives are not necessarily stupid, but most stupid people are conservatives. I
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It is enough that the people know there was an election. The people who cast the votes decide nothing. The people who count the votes decide everything. A single death is a tragedy; a million deaths is a statistic. Education is a weapon, whose effect depends on who holds it in his hands and at whom it is aimed. Ideas
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John Locke I have always thought the actions of men the best interpreters of their thoughts. Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge; it is thinking that makes what we read ours. All mankind… being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty or possessions. The only fence against the world
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Rousseau’s Quotes are very important for Essay and Ethics Preparation. Man is born free and everywhere he is in chains. People who know little are usually great talkers, while men who know much say little. What wisdom can you find that is greater than kindness? Those that are most slow in making a promise are the most faithful in the
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Abraham Lincoln Quotes Nearly all men can stand adversity, but if you want to test a man’s character, give him power. Most folks are about as happy as they make up their minds to be. And in the end, it’s not the years in your life that count. It’s the life in your years. Always bear in mind that your
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Thomas Hobbes Leisure is the mother of philosophy. I am about to take my last voyage, a great leap in the dark. Force and fraud are in war the two cardinal virtues. The condition of man… is a condition of war of everyone against everyone. The obligation of subjects to the sovereign is understood to last as long, and no
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Machiavelli – Father of Realism Quotes It is better to be feared than loved, if you cannot be both. If an injury has to be done to a man it should be so severe that his vengeance need not be feared. The first method for estimating the intelligence of a ruler is to look at the men he has around
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Socrates Quotes An unexamined life is not worth living. True knowledge exists in knowing that you know nothing. To find yourself, think for yourself. I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think. By all means marry: if you get a good wife, you’ll become happy; if you get a bad one, you’ll become a philosopher. Let him
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Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Quotes Life is like a game of cards. The hand that is dealt you is determinism; the way you play it is free will. Culture is the widening of the mind and of the spirit. Time is not measured by the passing of years but by what one does, what one feels, and what one achieves. Facts
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Indira Gandhi The power to question is the basis of all human progress. Forgiveness is a virtue of the brave. You must learn to be still in the midst of activity and to be vibrantly alive in repose. Martyrdom does not end something, it only a beginning. A nation’ s strength ultimately consists in what it can do on its
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Aurobindo Ghosh Quotes That which we call the Hindu religion is really the Eternal religion because it embraces all others. Hidden nature is secret God. India of the ages is not dead nor has she spoken her last creative word; she lives and has still something to do for herself and the human peoples. To listen to some devout people,
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I like the religion that teaches liberty, equality and fraternity. Life should be great rather than long. I measure the progress of a community by the degree of progress which women have achieved. Cultivation of mind should be the ultimate aim of human existence. Men are mortal. So are ideas. An idea needs propagation as much as a plant needs
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Only the dead have seen the end of war. Music is a moral law. It gives soul to the universe, wings to the mind, flight to the imagination, and charm and gaiety to life and to everything. Be kind, for everyone you meet is fighting a hard battle. Wise men talk because they have something to say; fools, because they
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Buddha Quotes – You will not be punished for your anger, you will be punished by your anger. Do not dwell in the past, do not dream of the future, concentrate the mind on the present moment. Holding on to anger is like grasping a hot coal with the intent of throwing it at someone else; you are the one
Read moreGeneral Studies Paper – II (Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations) a. Constitution and Polity Indian Constitution- historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions and basic structure. Functions and responsibilities of the Union and the States, issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to local levels and challenges therein. Separation of powers
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